بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy
We all know the Command from our Beloved Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) that one has to hasten the Iftar.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَزَالُ النَّاسُ بِخَيْرٍ مَا عَجَّلُوا الْفِطْرَ
SahI ibn Sad reported that Allah’s Messenger (SAW) said, "The people will not cease to prosper as long as they hasten to break the fast".
[Bukhari 1957, Muslim 1098, Jami Tirmidhi:699, Ibn Majah:1957,Ahmed22868 ]
دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَمَسْرُوقٌ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ فَقُلْنَا يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَجُلَانِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَدُهُمَا يُعَجِّلُ الْإِفْطَارَ وَيُعَجِّلُ الصَّلَاةَ وَالْآخَرُ يُؤَخِّرُ الْإِفْطَارَ وَيُؤَخِّرُ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَتْ أَيُّهُمَا يُعَجِّلُ الْإِفْطَارَ وَيُعَجِّلُ الصَّلَاةَ قُلْنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَتْ هَكَذَا صَنَع رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْآخَرُ أَبُو مُوسَى
Abu Atiyah narrated that he and Masruq (RA) visited Ayshah (RA) and they said to her, "0 Mother of the Believers! There are two men among the Companions of Muhammad (SAW) one of whom hastens to break the fast and hastens to pray while the other delays to break the fast and delays prayer. She asked, "Which of them hastens the iftar and hastens the salah?" They disclosed that he was Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (RA) and she said, "This is what Allah's Messenger did". The other man was Abu Musa (RA).
[Muslim 1099,Tirmidhi: 702 Abu Dawud : 2354, Nisai: 2154 ,Ahmed :2155]
From the Above Hadith it is very clear that one has to hasten to break fast.
Now the question is how fast?
1.) Sunset time
2.) After the Sun has Set
3.) Wait for 10 Minutes after the Sun has set (fasting time table distributed in most Masjid)
To know the exact time, lets take an aribitary example of sun set time which is 6.36 PM.
Use case 1, the fast needs to be broken at 6.36 PM
Use case 2 the fast needs to be broken 6.36 +2 minutes i.e 6.38 PM (Note 2 mins for sunset according to http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1922PA.....30..213F&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
it takes approximately 3 minutes to break fast.. )
Use case 3: Adding 10 mins to Sunset time i.e. 6.42,6.45 etc...
What are the proofs?
حدثنا الحميدي: حدثنا سفيان: حدثنا هشام بن عروة قال: سمعت أبي يقول: سمعت عاصم بن عمر بن الخطاب، عن أبيه رضي الله عنه، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ((إذا أقبل الليل من هاهنا وأدبر النهار من هاهنا وغربت الشمس فقد أفطر الصائم
Narrated ‘Umar bin Al-Khattaab رضي الله عنه : Allaah’s Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم said, "When night falls from this side and the day vanishes from this side and the sun has set, then the person observing Saum (fast) should break his Saum." Sahih Bukari: 1954
- حدثنا إسحاق الواسطي: حدثنا خالد عن الشيباني، عن عبد الله بن أبي أوفى رضي الله عنهما قال: كنا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في سفر وهو صائم، فلما غابت الشمس قال لبعض القوم: ((يا فلان، قم فاجدح لنا))، فقال: يا رسول الله لو أمسيت، قال: ((انزل فاجدح لنا))، قال: يا رسول الله فلو أمسيت، قال: ((انزل فاجدح لنا))، قال: إن عليك نهارا، قال: ((انزل فاجدح لنا))، فنزل فجدح لهم فشرب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم قال: ((إذا رأيتم الليل قد أقبل من هاهنا فقد أفطر الصائم)). راجع : ١٩٤١
Narrated ‘Abdullaah bin Abi Awfaa رضي الله عنهما : We were in the company of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on a journey and he was observing Saum (fast), and when the sun has set, he addressed somebody, "O so-and-so, get up and mix Saweeq with water for us." He replied, "O Allaah’s Messenger! (Will you wait) till it is evening?" The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, "Get down and mix Saweeq with water for us." He replied, "O Allaah’s Messenger! (If you wait) till it is evening." The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said again, "Get down and mix Saweeq with water for us." He replied, "It is still daytime." The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, "Get down and mix Saweeq with water for us." He got down and mixed Saweeq with water for them. The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم drank it and then said, "When you see night falling from this side, the fasting person should break his Saum (fast)." Sahih Bukhari #1955
Also found in Sahih Muslim : 2007 and 2008
And Jami Tirmidhi 634
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ وَأَدْبَرَ النَّهَارُ وَغَابَتْ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ أَفْطَرْتَ
Sayyidina Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) reported that Allah’s Messenger (SAW) said, "When night approaches and the day ends and the sun disappears, break your fast".
[Ahmed231, Bukhari 1954, Muslim 1100, Abu Dawud 2351]
All of the Hadith uses the Word Ghabathis Shamsu ( وَغَابَتْ الشَّمْسُ)
Shamsu means sun
Ghabathi comes from Root word Ghaib (غيب) means invisible,hidden,absent . Waghbathi means "and it/they/she be absent" . This is a Third person, female gender and singular word.
Case 3 cannot be correct as in the Hadith of Ayesha (RA) Abu Musa (RA) delayed the Iftar and the Magrib Salah .
ثَلَاثُ سَاعَاتٍ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْهَانَا أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ فِيهِنَّ أَوْ نَقْبُرَ فِيهِنَّ مَوْتَانَا حِينَ تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ بَازِغَةً حَتَّى تَرْتَفِعَ وَحِينَ يَقُومُ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ حَتَّى تَمِيلَ وَحِينَ تَضَيَّفُ الشَّمْسُ لِلْغُرُوبِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ
Uqbah ibn Aamir Juhanni (RA) said, "There are three hours when Allah's Messenger disallowed to offer salah or bury our dead: when the sun rises till it is fairly high, when it is overhead till it has gone past the meridian and at sunset as it goes down till it has set. [Muslim 831, Jami: Tirmidhi :1032, Ahmed17382, Abu Dawud 3192, Nisai 559, Ibn Majah 1519]
It is prohibited to Pray during Sunset time and Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (RA) would not have prayed when the sun set's. So case 1 cannot be correct as well.
ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ وَجَبَتْ الشَّمْسُ وَأَفْطَرَ الصَّائِمُ
Ibn Abbas (RA) reported that the Prophet (SAW) said, "Jibril led me in Salah twice near Bayt Allah. ....... We offered maghrib after sunset when the fasting man takes iftar (breaks his fast)" [Tirmidhi: 149,Ahmed 3081, Abu Dawud 393]
You can get the sunset time for you area from timeanddate.com.
According to them "Sunset is when the last part of the Sun is about to disappear below the horizon (in clear weather conditions). http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/aboutastronomy.html
Add 3 mins to get Islamic Timings.
"It is called for the Maghrib prayer when the sun is completely folded behind the horizon, plus 3 minutes by precaution."
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salat_times
http://praytime.info/index.php
"The above times are based on calculations only. Please allow +/- 3 minutes for Fajr, 1 minute for Dhuhr, and 2 minutes for Maghrib as a precaution."
"Sunset (some calculators suggest 1 to 3 minutes after Sunset for precaution)"
http://praytimes.org/calculation/
Moonsighting.com : http://moonsighting.com/how-we.html
IMPORTANT:
Note that there are many Ramadhan timetables calendar, indicating the time of Iftaar which is earlier than the actual sunset and the sun would not have set at the time indicated.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, describing a dream that he had seen: “… until I was at the mountain, where I heard loud voices. I asked, ‘What are these voices?’ They said, ‘This is the howling of the people of Hellfire.’ Then I was taken [to another place], and I saw people hanging from their hamstrings, with the corners of their mouths torn and dripping with blood. I said, ‘Who are these?’ They said, ‘The people who broke their fast before it was the proper time to do so,’ i.e., before the time of iftaar.” (Saheeh al-Targheeb, 1/420)
Sheik Uthaymeen Rahimullah says "Break your fast when the sun has set."
Ref: http://fatwa-online.com/fataawa/worship/fasting/fas005/9991121_3.htm and the fast has to be broken after the sunset has complete.
The Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta:
Breaking Sawm before sunset
http://www.alifta.com/Fatawa/FatawaChapters.aspx?languagename=en&View=Page&PageID=13703&PageNo=1&BookID=7
Breaking Sawm when the sun sets without waiting for the Adhan of the Maghrib Prayer
http://www.alifta.com/Fatawa/FatawaChapters.aspx?languagename=en&View=Page&PageID=13702&PageNo=1&BookID=7
One should break the fast upon witnessing sunset
http://www.alifta.com/Fatawa/FatawaChapters.aspx?languagename=en&View=Page&PageID=13542&PageNo=1&BookID=7
Invalidators of Sawm
http://www.alifta.com/Fatawa/FatawaChapters.aspx?languagename=en&View=Tree&NodeID=11718&PageNo=1&BookID=7
The Fast becomes Void if broken before the sun has disappeared and to delay breaking the fast is Makrooh..
To accurately calculate iftaar please visit
http://www.moonsighting.com/pray.php
Zoom and point ur area to find out the prayer timings accurately InshaALLAH
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