بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Quality of Tarawih of Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسل)
Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) himself prayer 8 Rakaths. But what people hide in the Hadith of Bukhari is that the length and beauty (-let alone their beauty and length)
Ayesha (Ra) says فَلاَ تَسَلْ عَنْ حُسْنِهِنَّ وَطُولِهِنَّ .. Do not speak about its length about beauty..
When we self inspect do we do have this lengthiness or beautiness. It was special to Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) and companions (May ALLAH have mercy on them)
The Hadith is as follows:
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، قَالَ
حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ
بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ
كَيْفَ كَانَتْ صَلاَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي رَمَضَانَ
فَقَالَتْ مَا كَانَ يَزِيدُ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَلاَ فِي غَيْرِهَا عَلَى
إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا فَلاَ تَسَلْ عَنْ
حُسْنِهِنَّ وَطُولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي أَرْبَعًا فَلاَ تَسَلْ عَنْ
حُسْنِهِنَّ وَطُولِهِنَّ، ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي ثَلاَثًا. فَقُلْتُ يَا
رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَنَامُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُوتِرَ قَالَ
" يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ عَيْنَىَّ تَنَامَانِ وَلاَ يَنَامُ قَلْبِي ".
Narrated Abu Salama bin `Abdur Rahman:
that he asked `Aisha "How was the prayer of Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسل) in Ramadan?" She replied, "He did not
pray more than eleven rak`at in Ramadan or in any other month. He used to pray four rak`at ---- let
alone their beauty and length----and then he would pray four ----let alone their beauty and length ----
and then he would pray three rak`at (witr)." She added, "I asked, 'O Allah's Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسل)! Do you sleep
before praying the witr?' He replied, 'O `Aisha! My eyes sleep but my heart does not sleep."
Sahih al-Bukhari 2013
Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) prayed Taraweeh for Three Nights and after that left for people to Pray , fearing it may be Obligatory. The status was same till the death of prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) and even during the caliphate of Abu Bakr(Ra).
It was at the time of Umar (RA) the people praying in different groups were made to pray under single Imam.
قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ كَانَ الأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فِي خِلاَفَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَصَدْرًا مِنْ خِلاَفَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ
Ibn Shihab said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died while that was till the custom, and it continued to be the custom in the khalifate of Abu Bakr and at the beginning of the khalifate of Umar ibn al-Khattab." [Malik Muwatta]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلاَتِهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ. ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَىِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلاَةِ قَارِئِهِمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ، وَالَّتِي يَنَامُونَ عَنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِي يَقُومُونَ. يُرِيدُ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ أَوَّلَهُ.
Tarāwīḥ was not performed in congregation during the khilāfah of Abū Bakr as he was preoccupied with Jihād against the apostates, and Jihād is more emphasized than Tarāwīḥ. It was ʿUmar who gathered the people to pray behind Ubay bin Kaʿb .
'Abdur Rahman bin 'Abdul Qari said,
"I went out in the company of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar said, 'In my opinion I would better collect these (people) under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!)'. So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind Ubai bin Ka'b. Then on another night I went again in his company and the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar remarked, 'What an excellent Bid'a (i.e. innovation in religion) this is; but the prayer which they do not perform, but sleep at its time is better than the one they are offering.' He meant the prayer in the last part of the night. (In those days) people used to pray in the early part of the night."
Sahih al-Bukhari 2010
Tarāwīḥ has been named as such because they [the companions] would rest during the prayers due to its length. ʿUmar would allow the worshipers to take a break for the amount of time equal to that taken by a man leaving the masjid and going to Salaʿ, which was a mountain that was 700 meters away from them.
They [the companions] would lengthen the Tarāwīḥ prayers and ʿUmar would allow them to take a rest in between them for some time. Ayyūb would make the break for the amount of time it takes to recite thirty verses. But the duration of the prayer of some nowadays is equivalent to that of the breaks of those in the past!
Some worshipers are keen to make it for Tarāwīḥ more than ʿIshā’ Prayer, while the obligatory prayer on its own is better for them than all the Nāfilah prayers. Allah said: “My slave does not come nearer to Me with anything like what I have enjoined upon him.” [ḥadīth qudsī & Sahih Bukhari: 6502]
It was narrated that Abu Dharr said:
"O Messenger of Allah! What if we spend the rest of this night praying Nafl?" He said: "Whoever prays Qiyam with the Imam until he finishes, Allah (SWT) will record for him the Qiyam of a (whole) night." [Sunan an-Nasa'i 1605]
It is known from the Hadith's from Malik Muwatta..
Initially it was 8 Rakaths:
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أُبَىَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ وَتَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ أَنْ يَقُومَا، لِلنَّاسِ بِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ الْقَارِئُ يَقْرَأُ بِالْمِئِينَ حَتَّى كُنَّا نَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى الْعِصِيِّ مِنْ طُولِ الْقِيَامِ وَمَا كُنَّا نَنْصَرِفُ إِلاَّ فِي فُرُوعِ الْفَجْرِ
Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yusuf that as- Sa'ib ibn Yazid said, "Umar ibn al-Khattab ordered Ubayy ibn Kab and Tamim ad-Dari to watch the night in prayer with the people for eleven rakas.The reciter of the Qur'an would recite the Mi'in (a group of medium-sized suras) until we would be leaning on our staffs from having stood so long in prayer. And we would not leave until the approach of dawn." [ Malik Muwatta 250]
Then it was split because of the difficulty of the Long recitation.
Note: The length of the prayer used to be same as that mentioned in the Hadith of Ayesha (RA).
Sahih al-Bukhari 2013
Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) prayed Taraweeh for Three Nights and after that left for people to Pray , fearing it may be Obligatory. The status was same till the death of prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) and even during the caliphate of Abu Bakr(Ra).
It was at the time of Umar (RA) the people praying in different groups were made to pray under single Imam.
قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ كَانَ الأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فِي خِلاَفَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَصَدْرًا مِنْ خِلاَفَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ
Ibn Shihab said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, died while that was till the custom, and it continued to be the custom in the khalifate of Abu Bakr and at the beginning of the khalifate of Umar ibn al-Khattab." [Malik Muwatta]
وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ الْقَارِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي الرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلاَتِهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَؤُلاَءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ. ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَىِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلاَةِ قَارِئِهِمْ، قَالَ عُمَرُ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ، وَالَّتِي يَنَامُونَ عَنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِي يَقُومُونَ. يُرِيدُ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ أَوَّلَهُ.
Tarāwīḥ was not performed in congregation during the khilāfah of Abū Bakr as he was preoccupied with Jihād against the apostates, and Jihād is more emphasized than Tarāwīḥ. It was ʿUmar who gathered the people to pray behind Ubay bin Kaʿb .
"I went out in the company of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab one night in Ramadan to the mosque and found the people praying in different groups. A man praying alone or a man praying with a little group behind him. So, 'Umar said, 'In my opinion I would better collect these (people) under the leadership of one Qari (Reciter) (i.e. let them pray in congregation!)'. So, he made up his mind to congregate them behind Ubai bin Ka'b. Then on another night I went again in his company and the people were praying behind their reciter. On that, 'Umar remarked, 'What an excellent Bid'a (i.e. innovation in religion) this is; but the prayer which they do not perform, but sleep at its time is better than the one they are offering.' He meant the prayer in the last part of the night. (In those days) people used to pray in the early part of the night."
Sahih al-Bukhari 2010
Tarāwīḥ has been named as such because they [the companions] would rest during the prayers due to its length. ʿUmar would allow the worshipers to take a break for the amount of time equal to that taken by a man leaving the masjid and going to Salaʿ, which was a mountain that was 700 meters away from them.
They [the companions] would lengthen the Tarāwīḥ prayers and ʿUmar would allow them to take a rest in between them for some time. Ayyūb would make the break for the amount of time it takes to recite thirty verses. But the duration of the prayer of some nowadays is equivalent to that of the breaks of those in the past!
Some worshipers are keen to make it for Tarāwīḥ more than ʿIshā’ Prayer, while the obligatory prayer on its own is better for them than all the Nāfilah prayers. Allah said: “My slave does not come nearer to Me with anything like what I have enjoined upon him.” [ḥadīth qudsī & Sahih Bukhari: 6502]
Excellence of starting and finishing with the Imam
فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ نَفَّلْتَنَا بَقِيَّةَ لَيْلَتِنَا هَذِهِ . قَالَ " إِنَّهُ مَنْ قَامَ مَعَ الإِمَامِ حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ قِيَامَ لَيْلَةٍ "It was narrated that Abu Dharr said:
"O Messenger of Allah! What if we spend the rest of this night praying Nafl?" He said: "Whoever prays Qiyam with the Imam until he finishes, Allah (SWT) will record for him the Qiyam of a (whole) night." [Sunan an-Nasa'i 1605]
How many Rakath's?
It is known from the Hadith's from Malik Muwatta..
Initially it was 8 Rakaths:
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَمَرَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أُبَىَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ وَتَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ أَنْ يَقُومَا، لِلنَّاسِ بِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً قَالَ وَقَدْ كَانَ الْقَارِئُ يَقْرَأُ بِالْمِئِينَ حَتَّى كُنَّا نَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى الْعِصِيِّ مِنْ طُولِ الْقِيَامِ وَمَا كُنَّا نَنْصَرِفُ إِلاَّ فِي فُرُوعِ الْفَجْرِ
Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yusuf that as- Sa'ib ibn Yazid said, "Umar ibn al-Khattab ordered Ubayy ibn Kab and Tamim ad-Dari to watch the night in prayer with the people for eleven rakas.The reciter of the Qur'an would recite the Mi'in (a group of medium-sized suras) until we would be leaning on our staffs from having stood so long in prayer. And we would not leave until the approach of dawn." [ Malik Muwatta 250]
Then it was split because of the difficulty of the Long recitation.
Note: The length of the prayer used to be same as that mentioned in the Hadith of Ayesha (RA).
Abd al-Rahmâb b. Hurmuz tells us: "The reciters (leading the prayers) would complete the reading of Sûrah al-Baqarah in eight units of prayer. When the reciters took twelve units of prayer to complete it, the people regarded it as if the reciters were making things easy for them." [Musannaf `Abd al-Razzâq (7734) and Sunan al-Bayhaqî (4401)]
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ
دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ الأَعْرَجَ، يَقُولُ مَا
أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ إِلاَّ وَهُمْ يَلْعَنُونَ الْكَفَرَةَ فِي رَمَضَانَ
. قَالَ وَكَانَ الْقَارِئُ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فِي ثَمَانِ
رَكَعَاتٍ فَإِذَا قَامَ بِهَا فِي اثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً رَأَى
النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ خَفَّفَ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Da'ud ibn al-Husayn that he heard al-Araj say, "I never saw the people in Ramadan, but that they were cursing the disbelievers." He added, "The reciter of Qur'an used to recite surat al-Baqara in eight rakas and if he did it in twelve rakas the people would think that he had made it easy." [ Malik Muwatta 252]
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ صَلاَةِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ " مَثْنَى مَثْنَى فَإِذَا خِفْتَ الصُّبْحَ فَأَوْتِرْ بِرَكْعَةٍ "
It was narrated that Ibn Umar said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسل) on the minbar, when he was asked about prayers at night, say: "Two by two, then if you fear that dawn will come, pray witr with one rak'ah.'" (Sahih -Sunan an-Nasa'i 1669)
If there had been a restriction on the number of Raka's, Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) would have mentioned it.
As Sheik Uthaymeen(rahimahullah) says the person who asked this question was eager to learn the religion and doesn't know how to pray the night prayers. Neither was he from the servents of Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسل). Moreover this was an announcement from the Minbar which is meant for the general Ummah to follow.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Da'ud ibn al-Husayn that he heard al-Araj say, "I never saw the people in Ramadan, but that they were cursing the disbelievers." He added, "The reciter of Qur'an used to recite surat al-Baqara in eight rakas and if he did it in twelve rakas the people would think that he had made it easy." [ Malik Muwatta 252]
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ صَلاَةِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ " مَثْنَى مَثْنَى فَإِذَا خِفْتَ الصُّبْحَ فَأَوْتِرْ بِرَكْعَةٍ "
It was narrated that Ibn Umar said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وسل) on the minbar, when he was asked about prayers at night, say: "Two by two, then if you fear that dawn will come, pray witr with one rak'ah.'" (Sahih -Sunan an-Nasa'i 1669)
If there had been a restriction on the number of Raka's, Prophet(صلى الله عليه وسل) would have mentioned it.
As Sheik Uthaymeen(rahimahullah) says the person who asked this question was eager to learn the religion and doesn't know how to pray the night prayers. Neither was he from the servents of Messenger (صلى الله عليه وسل). Moreover this was an announcement from the Minbar which is meant for the general Ummah to follow.
Then it was made as 20 to make it more easier, as there was no prohibition to make it more Rakaths and still maintain its beautiness.
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ
يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ فِي
زَمَانِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فِي رَمَضَانَ بِثَلاَثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ
رَكْعَةً .
Yahya related to me from Malik that Yazid ibn Ruman said, "The
people used to watch the night in prayer during Ramadan for twenty-
three raka's in the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab." [ Malik Muwatta 251]
Al-Baihaqi has related in al-Marifa Sa'eeb ibn Yazid, who said: "In the time of Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra) the people used to observe 20 Raka'ahs and the Witr." The other version of the Hadith is as it is related in al-Sunan of Baihaqi: Sa'ib Ibn Yazid said:
عن السائب بن يزيد قال كنا نقوم في زمن عمر بن الخطاب بعشرين ركعة والوتر (سنن البيهقي ص296/1) (قال النووي إسناده صحيح شرح المهذب ص32/4 وصححه السبكي و السيوطيوعلي القاري)
Al-Saaib bin Yazid (R A) narrated that we used to offer twenty raka’at followed by Witr in the reign of ‘Umar (R A). (Sunan Al-Baihaqi, v1, p296).
Imam Nawawi (Rah) authenticated this narration from al-Bayhaqi.
So what is apparent is that the quality of the Prayer is far More important than the quantity.
Praying Taraweeh of 8 rakath , for a time double that of Isha prayer or praying 20 Rakath's in such a fast manner where pillars of Prayers and Beautiness of Recitation is missed should be condemned strongly.
Please watch Sheik Assim's explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8_--TtOfZA
Also Ramdhan is the month in which Quran was sent to us and this the month when Jibreel Alaihiwasallam revised the Quran. It is better the complete the Quran in your 8 or 20 rakaths (http://islamqa.com/en/ref/66504)
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr said in al-Istidhkaar (2/68):
It may be understood as meaning that at first qiyaam at the time of ‘Umar was eleven rak’ahs, then he reduced the length of qiyaam for them and made it twenty-one rak’ahs, to make the recitation lighter for them and so that they would bow and prostrate more. But it seems most likely to me that the report about eleven rak’ahs is a mistake. And Allaah knows best. End quote.
Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa (23/113):
When Ubayy ibn Ka’b led them in praying qiyaam in a single congregation, he could not make them stand for too long, so he increased the number of rak’ahs to make up for the long standing. So they doubled the number of rak’ahs. He used to pray eleven or thirteen rak’ahs of qiyaam al-layl, then it seems that after that the people of Madeenah found it difficult to stand for so long during the recitation, so they increased the number of rak’ahs until it reached thirty-nine. End quote.
REFERENCES /MORE INFO :
Sheik Assim Al-Hakeem advice on 8 or 20 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWBI3QLy3pg
https://twitter.com/abdulaziztarefe
http://abuazraa.blogspot.in/2008/09/what-not-to-do-in-taraweeh.html
Concerning the Number of Rak'ahs in Taraaweeh Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih Al-'Uthaymeen
http://www.bakkah.net/articles/taraaweeh-rak-ahs-11-20.htm
Shaykh Muhammad Baazmool on the Legislated Number of Rak'ahs of Witr, the Night Prayer (Qiyaam Al-Layl) http://www.bakkah.net/interactive/q&a/aamb037-witr-11-rakahs-night-prayer.htm
https://www.facebook.com/notes/10150236253833344/
Watch beautiful 20 Rakaths of Haramain
http://www.haramain.info/ ,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VsnhrnIAko
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