بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The rights of a Muslim on the Muslims are five: to respond to the salaam, visiting the sick, to follow the funeral processions, to accept an invitation, and to reply to those who sneeze. (Bukhari:1 https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1240)
1. Seeking forgiveness
2. Charity for deceased
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as said:
When a man dies, his acts come to an end, but three, recurring charity, or knowledge (by which people) benefit, or a pious child, who prays for him (for the deceased) (https://sunnah.com/muslim:1631)
Sa'd bin 'Ubadah said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died; shall I give in charity on her behalf?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'What kind of charity is best?' He said: 'Providing drinking water.'" (https://sunnah.com/nasai:3664)
3. Preparing Food For The Family OF The Deceased
Abdullah bin Ja'far said:
"When the news of the death of Ja'far came, the Prophet said: 'Prepare some food for the family of Ja'far, for indeed something has happened to them that will keep them busy.'" https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi:998
4. Salat For A Funeral
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Whoever follows the funeral procession and offers the funeral prayer for it, will get a reward equal to one Qirat, and whoever attends it till burial, will get a reward equal to two Qirat.' https://sunnah.com/bukhari:1325 , https://sunnah.com/muslim:945a
How to pray salat al-janazah
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) explained how to pray salat al-Janazah (funeral prayer). It is done as follows:
You say the first Takbir (“Allahu akbar”), then you seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytan. Then you say Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim and recite al-Fatihah . (https://sunnah.com/nasai:1988)
Then you say Takbir and send blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as one does at the end of the prayer.
Abu Umama bin Sahl narrated that a companion of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reported that the Sunnah in funeral prayer is that the Imam should say Takbeer, then after the first Takbeer, he should recite Surah Fatiha silently in his heart. Then he should recite Durood upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and in the Takbeers, he should pray sincerely for the deceased and not recite anything, then he should say Salam silently. Sunan al-Kubra Bayhaqi 6959 Grade: Sahih
Then you say a third Takbir and make du’a for the deceased.
Then you say a fourth Takbir and pause for a little while, and say Taslim
Narrated 'Abdullah: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to perform three actions, but the people have abandoned them. One of them is performing the Salam (salutation) of the funeral prayer like the Salam of the regular prayer. https://hadithweb.com/bayhaqi:6989, https://dorar.net/hadith/sharh/209419
However, this time they pray personally for the deceased. Any personal prayer is sufficient. The following supplication is recommended.
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ، وَعَافِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ، وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ، وَوَسِّعْ مَدْخَلَهُ، وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ، وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ وَالْخَطَايَا كَمَا يُنَقَّى الثَّوْبُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ، وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَأَهْلًا خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ، وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَنَجِّهِ مِنَ النَّارِ
‘O Allah, forgive him, have mercy on him, pardon him, grant him ease, honour his arrival, widen his entrance, wash him with water, snow, and ice, and cleanse him from sins as a white garment is cleansed from dirt. Replace his home with a better home, his family with a better family, and his spouse with a better spouse. Enter him into Paradise and protect him from the punishment of the Fire.’ https://sunnah.com/muslim:963a
For an infant
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ لَنَا سلفا وفرطا وذخرا وَأَجرا
Bukhari said without a complete isnad that al-Hasan (i.e. al-Hasan al-Basri (21-110. A.H )) recited Fatihat al-Kitab over an infant and said, “O God, make him for us a righteous deed which has gone before us, a recompense gone ahead, a treasure and a reward.” https://sunnah.com/mishkat:1690
5. Stand by Grave after Burying and seek forgiveness
Uthman Ibn ‘Affan (RAA) narrated, ‘Whenever the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) finished the burial of the dead, he would stand by the grave and say, “Seek forgiveness for your brother and pray for him to be steadfast, because he is now being questioned.” https://sunnah.com/abudawud:3221
References
https://sunnah.com/bulugh/3
https://islamqa.info/en/answers/12363/how-to-pray-salat-al-janazah
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