Monday, March 9, 2026

Why iftar time varies by 1-3 minutes from astronomical sunset time

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 

Prayer timetables can differ by 1–2 minutes from the actual visible sunset for several technical reasons.

Actual sunset can be 3 minutes after theoretical sunset reported in news papers and most Apps in cell phones. This is based on 3 things:
1. Actual pressure, temperature, and humidity conditions at sunset in your exact location. This causes a refraction effect that makes disc of the sun still visible above the horizon.
2. Areas around the actual latitude and longitude
3. Any downward sloping ground towards sunset direction. 

The main ones are related to astronomical calculations and local observation conditions.

1️⃣ Atmospheric Refraction

When sunlight passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, it bends slightly (a phenomenon called refraction).

Because of this:

  • The sun appears slightly higher than it actually is.

  • You can still see the sun even though it is already geometrically below the horizon.

Astronomical sunset calculations therefore include a correction of about 34 arc-minutes for atmospheric refraction and 16 arc-minutes for the sun’s radius.

This standard model is used by organizations like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the United States Naval Observatory.

Small variations in atmospheric pressure or temperature can shift the observed sunset by about 1 minute.


2️⃣ Elevation Above Sea Level

If you are standing higher than sea level (e.g., in a tall building or hill):

  • You can see farther beyond the horizon.

  • The sun will appear to set slightly later.

Even 50–100 meters elevation can change sunset by ~30–60 seconds.


3️⃣ Geographic Coordinates Used

Prayer timetables usually calculate times for the center of a city.

But if you are:

  • Several kilometers east or west of that point

  • In a large city the actual sunset at your exact location may differ by 30–90 seconds.


4️⃣ Rounding in Prayer Timetables

Many prayer schedules round times to:

  • the nearest minute, or

  • 1 minute earlier/later as a safety margin.

For example:

  • Calculated sunset: 6:19:42 PM

  • Timetable may show: 6:19 PM or 6:20 PM


5️⃣ Safety Margin for Maghrib

Some masjids intentionally add 1–2 minutes delay before announcing Maghrib to ensure:

  • the sun has fully disappeared

  • there is no risk of breaking the fast early

This is based on the instruction of the Prophet ﷺ in authentic reports in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim that fasting ends when the sun has set.


Summary

ReasonPossible Difference
Atmospheric refraction variation~1 minute
Elevation~30–60 seconds
City coordinate differences~30–90 seconds
Rounding in timetablesup to 1 minute
Safety margin by masjid1–2 minutes

So a 1–2 minute difference is normal and expected between calculated prayer timetables and what you observe with the naked eye.

Wednesday, February 11, 2026

Qur’an and the Bible on Epstein’s concept of God

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

Does the Qur’an and the Bible speak about Epstein’s concept of God?

In Jewish history, both the Qur’an and the Bible mention that ancient Israelites deviated from monotheism (the belief in one God) and worshipped a god called “Baal.”

Both the Qur’an and the Bible confirm that Prophet Ilyas (Elijah, peace be upon him) struggled to rescue his people from this form of worship.

أَتَدْعُونَ بَعْلًا وَتَذَرُونَ أَحْسَنَ الْخَالِقِينَ

Ilyâs (Elias) was one of the Messengers said: "Will you call upon Ba'l (a well-known idol of his nation whom they used to worship) and forsake the Best of creators [Surah as-Saffat chapter 37 verse 125]

Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah and As-Suddi said that the word Ba`l means lord. `Ikrimah and Qatadah said, "This is the language of the people of Yemen.'' According to another report from Qatadah, it is the language of Azd Shanu'ah. `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam narrated from his father that it is the name of an idol which was worshipped by the people of a city called Ba`labak (Baalbek) which is to the west of Damascus. Ad-Dahhak said, "It is an idol which they used to worship."

In the Holy Qur’an, Surah As-Saffat describes the preaching of Ilyas (peace be upon him). He asked:

“Will you not fear (Allah)?” (37:124)
“Do you call upon Baal and abandon the Best of Creators?” (37:125)
“Allah, your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers?” (37:126)

In these verses, “Baal” refers to a specific idol or deity.

The people of that time considered Baal to be the master who provided their sustenance (rain and food). But Ilyas (peace be upon him) established that Allah alone is the true Creator (Ahsan al-Khaliqeen – the Best of Creators).

The Baal mentioned in the above verses is presented as the same god that Epstein promotes today.

The Bible also contains information about this god “Baal.”

In the Old Testament, there are detailed accounts of Baal worship and the Prophet Elijah (Ilyas, peace be upon him). After King Ahab of Israel married Jezebel, she influenced him to build altars for Baal. (1 Kings 16:31–32)

Prophet Elijah challenged the worshippers of Baal. In the contest that took place on Mount Carmel, the prophets of Baal were unable to bring down fire from their god. But when Elijah prayed, fire came down from the true God and consumed the sacrifice. (1 Kings 18:21–39)

Cruel Worship Practices

Historically and according to biblical records, Baal worship included inhumane rituals:

Child sacrifice: This was the most brutal aspect. People burned their children in fire as offerings.
“They have built the high places of Baal to burn their sons in the fire as offerings to Baal…” (Jeremiah 19:5)

Sexual rituals: Historians mention that improper sexual practices were performed in temples for fertility and prosperity.

Will Durant: In his famous book The Story of Civilization, he states that in ancient Near Eastern temples there were “sacred prostitutes,” and the income from them went to the temple.

Ugaritic Texts: Discovered in 1929 at Ras Shamra in Syria, clay tablets describe the relationship between Baal and his consort Anat. People performed similar acts ritually in temples believing it would increase fertility of the land.

The Bible strongly condemns Israelites engaging in such practices:

  • Deuteronomy 23:17–18: Prohibits temple prostitution among Israelites and forbids bringing such earnings into the house of God.

  • Hosea 4:13–14: Directly accuses people of engaging in prostitution in Baal worship on hills and high places.

  • 1 Kings 14:24: Mentions male shrine prostitutes and says the people followed the abominations of other nations.

Linguistic and Historical Background

The word “Baal” in Semitic languages means “lord” or “husband.” In the Qur’an (37:125), it refers to an idol being worshipped. The city of Baalbek in Lebanon still carries this name.

These rituals were not done merely for pleasure. They were based on superstition: people believed that when the earth goddess and the sky god (Baal) united, rain would fall. They believed that by satisfying the god, they could maintain their power.

Temple sexual rituals were believed to stimulate the god to send rain and secure political authority through divine favor.


History does not move in a straight line; it moves in cycles. The corruption that Ilyas (peace be upon him) stood against thousands of years ago is viewed as taking a modern and digital form in the Epstein case.

Five similarities are presented between the two:

1. Elite Isolation

During Ilyas’s time, King Ahab and Queen Jezebel considered themselves above the law and used Baal worship as a political tool.

Epstein used a private island (Little St. James) to conceal his crimes. Just as secret rituals were said to happen on Mount Carmel and high places, today powerful elites gathered secretly on an island.

2. Baal as a Culture

Ancient Baal was not just an idol but a culture. Sexual rituals (temple prostitution) were preached as necessary for rain, prosperity, and maintaining power.

Epstein’s strange “temple-like” structure on his island is viewed as symbolic of such dark rituals. Both systems allegedly used sexual exploitation as a tool to maintain control and authority.

3. Child Sacrifice Parallel

Jeremiah 19:5 mentions burning children for Baal. Epstein and his associates’ child trafficking is presented as a modern form of child sacrifice.

4. Secret Networks

Ilyas gathered 450 prophets of Baal, who were interconnected in power and protected one another.

In the Epstein case, powerful global political leaders and businessmen were allegedly connected in a secret network. Epstein reportedly kept compromising material on them.

5. Not Just Prostitution

It is argued that spending millions on a private island was not merely for prostitution. Historically, it is claimed that Jews repeatedly renewed Baal worship over long periods.

To strengthen this claim, it is suggested that secret symbols found on Epstein’s island have direct links to ancient ritual systems. The temple-like entrance, underground rooms, and symbols resembling Moloch worship are interpreted as attempts to create a “bond of guilt” that crosses moral boundaries to maintain power.

What Ilyas (peace be upon him) tried to eradicate, it is argued, continues today through modern secret alliances infiltrating global centers of power under the same “lordship” (Baal) ideology.

Wednesday, January 28, 2026

A Letter from Umar Radhiyallahu Anhu - Warning about alcoholic perfumes

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

According to al-Sari—Shu'ayb—Sayf—Abu al-Mujalid: 

The news reached 'Umar that Khalid once entered the bathhouse where, after he had removed the depilatory agent, he rubbed himself with a thick mixture of safflower(363) and wine

Caliph Umar (RA) wrote to him, saying, "It has reached me that you rubbed your body with wine; but God has forbidden the drinking  of wine or its use in any other way just as He has forbidden sins(364) 

committed in a direct or indirect manner. He has even forbidden the touching of wine unless you cleanse yourself of it immediately, just as He has forbidden you to drink it. So make sure it will 
not touch your body, for it is filth (365). And if you are actually still practicing this, (stop doing it immediately and) do not do it again!" Thereupon Khalid wrote to 'Umar, "We have diluted the 
wine with so much water that it is no longer wine but has become (ordinary) washing water(366)." Then 'Umar wrote to him, "I fear that the the descendants of al-Mughirah (367) have picked up 
some bad manners, but I pray that God will not destroy you for this." This last letter finally reached Khalid. 

363. Carthamus tmctorius, a dye used to achieve an orange-red color. 
364. The Arabic word used is ithm, which also means "wine" as well as "game 
of hazard." Perhaps a double entendre is intended here. 
365. The use of "filth" m this context seems to imply that touching it causes a 
person to incur a state of ritual impurity. 
366. For "diluting wine" Arabic uses the verb "to kill." 
367. That is, al-Mughirah b. 'Abdallah b. 'Umar, who was Khahd's grandfather 
and the eponym of a major subclan of the Makhzum clan of Quraysh. Caskel, 
pedigrees 22, 23. See also El 2 , s.v. Makhzum (Hinds). 

Ref: Tabari: Vol. 13, page105. https://archive.org/details/history-of-tabari-volume-13/page/105/mode/2up 

Benefits from this letter
If we search for fatwas on alcoholic perfumes, we will get a ton of them that is it permissible. But if it comes to what is safe for religion, it would be best to try to avoid if possible. Here is a nice example for one of the hadiths from Sahih Bukhari on safer side. 
Imam Bukhari's Statement "To be on Safe side"
While discussing if thigh is part of Awrah, Imam Bukhari in his Sahih Bukhari says
وَحَدِيثُ أَنَسٍ أَسْنَدُ، وَحَدِيثُ جَرْهَدٍ أَحْوَطُ حَتَّى يُخْرَجَ مِنِ اخْتِلاَفِهِمْ .
Hadith of Anas is stronger according to Narration but Hadith of Jarhad is more safer for religion.
[Sahih Bukhari Book of Prayers (Salat) Chapter 12 Hadith 371]
http://sunnah.com/bukhari/8/23

A Letter from Umar Radhiyallahu Anhu - When Gentle Words Led to Repentance

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

The Transformative Effect of These Verses and a Wise Directive of Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه)

This appears in the story 
Ibn Kathīr reports, on the authority of Ibn Abī Ḥātim, that there was a man from Syria who possessed a strong and dignified presence and who would regularly visit Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه). When he failed to appear for a longer-than-usual period, Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه) asked about him. The people replied, “O Commander of the Believers, do not ask about him. He has become addicted to drinking.”

Upon hearing this, Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه) summoned his scribe and dictated a letter, saying:

من عمر بن الخطاب الی فلان بن فلان ۔ سلام علیک فانی احمد الیک اللہ الذی لا اَلٰہ اَلِّا ھو غافر الذَّنب و قابل التَّوب شدید العقاب ذی الطول لَا اِلٰہَ اِلَّا ھُو اِلَیہِ المَصیرُ ۔

“From ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb to so-and-so, son of so-and-so.
Peace be upon you.
After this, I praise Allah before you—there is no deity worthy of worship except Him. He is the One who forgives sins and accepts repentance, the One who is severe in punishment, and the Possessor of all power. There is no god but He, and to Him is the final return.”

After dictating the letter, Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه) turned to those present and said, “Let us all pray that Allah Most High turns his heart back and accepts his repentance.”

He further instructed the messenger not to deliver the letter until the man was sober, and not to give it to anyone other than the intended recipient.

When the man finally received the letter, he read it again and again with deep reflection. He realized that it contained both a warning of punishment and a promise of forgiveness. Overcome with emotion, he began to weep. He then gave up drinking entirely and repented so sincerely that he never returned to it again.

When Sayyidnā ʿUmar (رضي الله عنه) learned of the powerful effect of these words, he said to those around him:

“In such situations, you should act in the same way. When a brother slips into wrongdoing, think of how to bring him back to what is right. Encourage him to turn to Allah, to place his trust in Him, and to rely on His mercy. Pray for him—pray that he is enabled to repent sincerely. And do not become an ally of Shayṭān against him. For if you scold him harshly or drive him away, you will only be helping Shayṭān by distancing him from his faith.”

(Reported by Ibn Kathīr)

Why iftar time varies by 1-3 minutes from astronomical sunset time

بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ  Prayer timetables can differ by 1–2 minutes from the actual visible sunset for several technical re...